Impact on Mental Health
A recent report in the Science Advances shows that higher levels of mental distress are associated with new abortion restrictions in the U.S., especially for those who have fewer economic resources. The conclusion is that, after the Supreme Court’s decision in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, mental health implications may tend to be extensive.
Supreme Court Decision
On June 24th, 2022, the Supreme Court ruling in Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization nullified the constitutional right to abortion access and returned regulatory power back to individual states. This momentous decision made a quilt of state-specific abortions laws with some jurisdictions imposing tough laws or even banned it.
Study Overview
“A lot of people have been talking about what happens next after Dobbs basically brings regulation on abortion access back down to the level of state legislatures,” said Brad N. Greenwood, Maximus Professor of Business at George Mason University’s Costello College of Business.
The objective of this research was to establish whether there were any persistent impacts within various groups as a result of restricting abortion by state legislators which has been observed in previous studies.
Data and Methodology
The researchers used data from United States Census Bureau’s national Household Pulse Survey (HPS). The HPS survey had over 60,000 respondents per wave and covered survey waves 34 through 58 from July 2021 to June 2023.
Participants rated their experiences with anxiety, disinterest in activities, worry, and feelings of depression on a four-point scale over the past two weeks. Frequent experiences indicated significant mental distress.
To determine whether there were any impacts caused by changes restricting access to abortions; researchers used differences-in-differences design by comparing mental health outcomes before and after certain states introduced these changes.
Key Findings
It was found out by the study that anxiety and disinterest increased in regions, which implemented abortion restrictions. Although relatively small, these increases were notable: 0.35 to 0.7 percentage points higher average prevalence of such concerns over baseline which is roughly an estimated increase of about 3%.
Socioeconomic Disparities
Additionally, they noticed a substantial decrease related to mental health among individuals with low socioeconomic status as a result of reducing access to this procedure. For those making less than $25,000 annually, there was an increase in anxiety, lack of interest in regular activities, worry or depression caused by such limitations. Conversely, people with greater income encountered fewer consequences.
Broader Impact Across Demographics
Interestingly enough the study also found no difference in mental health effect on other demographics like gender, race and ethnicity marital status or sexual orientation due to abortion legislation across states. This suggests that various segments of society may be similarly affected by the disadvantages associated with restrictive policies albeit impacted by financial burden only.
Need for Further Research
Further studies are needed on how prohibitive abortion laws affect wider mental well-being. Future research could look at particular mechanisms underpinning these observed effects relating to mental health such as added transportation costs for accessing abortion services; financial and emotional burden from unwanted pregnancies carried full-term; or broader perception of erosion of individual rights.
Scope and Future Perspectives
“As with any other secondary empirical investigation, there are clear demarcations that cannot be crossed from the kind of data we have,” Greenwood said. “These abortion laws are not passed randomly in different states and all we can do is to look at self-reported mental health.” This demonstrates the need for more research in order to understand how abortion restriction impacts both mental health and other outcomes.
Study Details
The authors of the article “How Abortion Restrictions Affect American Emotional Condition” include Michaela R. Anderson, Gordon Burtch, Brad N. Greenwood.
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